Why is Edinburgh the capital of Scotland?
Edinburgh is the capital of Scotland because it is the centre of power and administration for Scotland and home to the Scottish Parliament. Its prominence as the capital dates back to the 15th century, and several factors have contributed to it becoming and remaining the nation’s administrative heart…
Capital of Scotland since 1452
Edinburgh officially became the capital of Scotland in 1452. Prior to this, Scone, a historic town near Perth, was the monarchy’s traditional seat. Scone Palace was where Scottish kings were crowned upon the ancient Stone of Destiny. However, when King James I of Scotland was assassinated in Perth in 1437, the royal throne was relocated to Edinburgh. His son, James II was the first king to be crowned in Edinburgh, that same year, at the age of just six.
Strategic geographical location
The strategic and defensible position of Edinburgh Castle, perched high on a rocky hill, made Edinburgh an ideal choice for the new capital. Situated between the Highlands to the north and the Lowlands to the south, it became a natural meeting point for commerce, travel and politics. Plus, its proximity to the coast facilitated trade routes, making it a vital hub for trade and economic activity. The royal family opted to live at Holyrood in Edinburgh, rather than the castle. This was a more peaceful setting, the site of an ancient abbey, surrounded by parkland. The Palace of Holyroodhouse was built there as a grand royal residence in the early 1500s, and it was rebuilt in the 1670s.
Scottish Parliament in Edinburgh
The parliament remained in Edinburgh until 1707, when the kingdoms and parliaments of Scotland and England merged, creating the United Kingdom of Great Britain. Edinburgh was still the recognised capital of Scotland, but the new UK parliament sat at Westminster in London, England. In 1997, the Scottish people voted for devolution, meaning that Scotland regained some political powers, while remaining part of the UK. Scotland set up a new parliament in 1999, and moved into a purpose built parliament building in Edinburgh in 2004.
Today’s capital of Scotland
Today Edinburgh is the second largest city in Scotland. It remains home to the devolved Scottish Parliament and the seat of the monarchy in Scotland. Outside of London, it is the largest financial centre and the most popular tourist destination in the UK. It is famous for its arts festivals, national museums and galleries, plus many historic buildings and landmarks. The Old Town and New Town areas of the city are listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Edinburgh takes its place among the most beautiful and historic capital cities in the world.
